Exosomes from 3D culture of marrow stem cells enhances endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis via activation of the HMGB1/AKT pathway

• 3D-exos promote angiogenesis in vivo. exert their function via activation of HMGB1/AKT signaling pathway. have a superior ability HUVEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation. Angiogenesis is an essential step tissue engineering. MSC exosomes play important role angiogenesis. Functional biomolecules vested by the culture microenvironment can be transferred to recipient cells affects effect. 3D improve proliferation activity MSCs. However, whether derived from MSCs enhanced effect on unclear. Herein, we compared bioactivity produced conventional 2D (2D-exos) (3D-exos) bone marrow stem (BMSCs) A series vitro vivo experiments indicated that exhibited stronger effects cell formation, with 2D-exos. Moreover, superiority might attributed signaling. These results indicate may serve as potential therapeutic approach for pro-angiogenesis.